Holiday pay + overtime: the rules explained

Since Bear Scotland Ltd v Fulton (2014) and later Court of Justice cases, regular overtime + regular commission + regular performance-linked bonuses must be included in UK statutory holiday pay for the four EU-derived weeks of the 5.6-week annual entitlement. Employers who paid basic-rate-only holiday pay have systematically underpaid workers, and backdated claims of up to two years remain possible via employment tribunal (subject to the three-month time limit from the latest underpayment). This guide covers what counts as regular pay, the 52-week reference period calculation + how to check whether your holiday pay is being calculated correctly.

Verified against 3 official sources · Last reviewed 14 June 2026
On this page
  1. What must be included
  2. What can be excluded
  3. The 52-week reference period
  4. Which weeks count for enhanced pay?
  5. How to check your holiday pay
  6. Claiming backdated holiday pay
  7. In short

What must be included

  • Regular overtime (guaranteed + regular non-guaranteed)
  • Regular commission (payable in normal course of work)
  • Regular performance-linked bonuses
  • Regular shift allowances (unsocial hours, weekend premiums)
  • Regular standby / on-call payments

What can be excluded

  • Genuinely voluntary overtime — only if truly infrequent + irregular
  • One-off bonuses (signing bonus, exceptional performance)
  • Reimbursement of expenses (not pay)

The 52-week reference period

Post-2020: use last 52 weeks worked (excluding zero-pay weeks + statutory leave). Divide total pay by 52 = average weekly pay = one week's holiday.

Where 52 weeks not available (new starter), use however many weeks worked, up to 104 weeks looking back.

Which weeks count for enhanced pay?

Legally required only for 4 EU-derived weeks of the 5.6 statutory weeks. UK-added 1.6 weeks can be paid at basic rate. Contractual holiday above statutory can be paid at basic rate.

Best practice: pay enhanced rate throughout to avoid administrative burden of tracking which type of week.

How to check your holiday pay

  • Look at recent 52-week payslips
  • Add gross pay (basic + overtime + commission + bonuses)
  • Divide by 52 = average weekly
  • Compare to holiday pay received

If your holiday pay is lower than average weekly (excluding one-offs), you may be underpaid.

Claiming backdated holiday pay

  • Time limit: 3 months from last underpayment
  • Route: ACAS conciliation → employment tribunal
  • Cap: 2 years of underpayments (Deduction from Wages (Limitation) Regulations 2014)

In short

Bear Scotland requires regular overtime + commission in 4-week statutory holiday pay. Use 52-week average. Backdated claims within 3 months + capped at 2 years.

Frequently asked questions

What counts as 'regular' overtime?

Overtime worked with regularity + predictability. One-off crisis overtime is voluntary; monthly rota overtime is regular.

Does commission count in holiday pay?

Yes — Lock v British Gas (2014) confirmed. Include commission averaged over reference period.

Do bonuses count in holiday pay?

Regular performance bonuses yes. Signing bonuses + one-off exceptional awards no.

Can I claim underpaid holiday pay from previous years?

Yes, subject to 3-month time limit from latest deduction + 2-year cap. Total backpay across many years capped.

What if my overtime is different every month?

Use 52-week average. Genuinely irregular overtime is included at averaged rate.

Sources

All figures on this page are sourced from official UK government publications. We don't cite secondary commentary or other calculator sites.

  1. GOV.UK - Holiday entitlement
  2. ACAS - Employment rights + statutory notice
  3. Bear Scotland Ltd v Fulton (2014)

All tax figures on this page use the same configuration that powers our calculators — see our editorial standards for the review process.

Last reviewed: 14 June 2026. Next review due 14 December 2026.

Disclaimer: This page provides general information based on published HMRC and gov.scot figures. It is not personal tax or financial advice. For your specific situation, please consult a qualified accountant or contact HMRC directly.